• Endoplasmic reticulum ER stress resulting from accumulation

  2023-10-20

  

  Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress resulting from accumulation of misfolded proteins in ER lumen stimulates a chain of adaptive responses termed as the unfolded protein response (UPR). Glucose related protein (GRP78/BiP), key ER chaperone essential for the activation of the ER-transmembrane signaling

• These anatomical studies were followed by the first

  2023-10-20

  

  These anatomical studies were followed by the first functional MRI studies of auditory processing in songbirds that were performed in starlings (Van Meir et al., 2005; De Groof et al., 2017; De Groof et al., 2013b) and in zebra finches (Boumans et al., 2008a; Boumans et al., 2007; Boumans et al., 20

• Weak and transient interactions of HMGB proteins in such

  2023-10-20

  

  Weak and transient interactions of HMGB proteins in such hit-and-run mechanisms are understandable given that “fluorescence loss in photobleaching” (FLIP) experiments employing GFP-labeled HMGBs have shown that in living cells they are the most mobile of all nuclear proteins [144]. The entire pool o

• br Identification of the croaker mAR cDNA Testosterone

  2023-10-20

  

  Identification of the croaker mAR cDNA Testosterone (T) was observed to alter steroidogenesis through a nongenomic mechanism (not blocked by the transcription inhibitor, actinomycin D) in Atlantic croaker ovarian tissues (Braun and Thomas, 2003). This action of T was mimicked by T conjugated to B

• The AMP Activated Protein Kinase AMPK has evolved

  2023-10-19

  

  The 5′AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) has evolved as an important cellular sensor of reduced energy status that can subsequently phosphorylate its target proteins, slowing the rates of key biosynthetic processes and promoting energy producing pathways; for these reasons AMPK has been proposed as

• br Serine glycine and one carbon metabolism Altered serine m

  2023-10-19

  

  Serine/glycine and one-carbon metabolism Altered serine metabolism in tumors was noted nearly half a century ago, and elevated flux through the de novo serine synthesis pathway (SSP) is a common phenomenon in cancer HBX 41108 synthesis [43]. The SSP branches from glycolysis at the point of 3-pho

• The subdivision of HT receptors started in

  2023-10-19

  

  The subdivision of 5-HT receptors started in the 1950s by Gaddum and colleagues, when they realised that in the guinea pig ileum, the effects of 5-HT could be blocked in part by morphine (M), and in part by dibenzyline (D). Gaddum and Picarelli proposed two receptor classes, 5-HT M and 5-HT D (1957)

• Fig A shows a schematic representation of histological resul

  2023-10-19

  

  Fig. 2A shows a schematic representation of histological results according to the Franklin and Paxinos Mouse Brain Atlas (2001). The black circles represent the sites of drug infusion that were on-target within the amygdala. Gray circles represent the animals that had infusion locations outside the

• The AR signalling pathways play important roles

  2023-10-19

  

  The AR signalling pathways play important roles in several physiopathological processes associated with ischaemia, inflammation, and tumourigenesis [35]. Moreover, A3AR is overexpressed in different tumour jak stat pathway and seems implicated in pro- or anti-apoptotic effects [36]. In particular,

• The myasthenia scale of Millichap and Dodge was

  2023-10-19

  

  The myasthenia scale of Millichap and Dodge was used in our study for ease of comparison of our retrospective data with previous paediatric studies. Our results, with 30% achieving complete remission and 95% achieving at least some degree of clinical improvement following thymectomy, are comparable

• hydroxydopamine OHDA is a selective catecholaminergic neurot

  2023-10-19

  

  6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) is a selective catecholaminergic neurotoxin mainly used to generate lesions in the nigrostriatal pathway in rats (Ungerstedt, 1968). The most common use of 6-OHDA is via unilateral injection into the rat medial forebrain bundle (MFB). DA depletion, nigral DA cell loss, and

• However there are studies revealing the dark side of

  2023-10-19

  

  However, there are studies revealing the “dark side” of autophagy at later stages in cancers, when oncogenes (mainly K-ras and B-raf) are activated and/or tumour suppressors such as PTEN and p53 are inactivated. These studies are based on the use of GEMM and deletions of essential autophagy genes (A

• br Conflicts of interest br Introduction Phosphatidic acid p

  2023-10-19

  

  Conflicts of interest Introduction Phosphatidic biotin-LC-LC-tyramide phosphatase (PAP) enzymes are responsible for catalyzing the reaction that dephosphorylates phosphatidic acid (PA), which in turn produces diacylglycerol (DAG) and a phosphate group during phospholipid regulation (Fig. 1A)

• Apoptosis signal regulating kinase ASK also referred

  2023-10-19

  

  Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1, also referred to as MAP3K5)(Ichijo et al., 1997) participates in many different stress responses, including apoptosis (Chang et al., 1998, Chen et al., 1999, Ichijo et al., 1997, Kanamoto et al., 2000, Noguchi et al., 2008, Saitoh et al., 1998, Tobiume et

• These anatomical studies were followed by the first function

  2023-10-19

  

  These anatomical studies were followed by the first functional MRI studies of auditory processing in songbirds that were performed in starlings (Van Meir et al., 2005; De Groof et al., 2017; De Groof et al., 2013b) and in zebra finches (Boumans et al., 2008a; Boumans et al., 2007; Boumans et al., 20

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