• Further research should indeed focus on

  2022-09-21

  

  Further research should indeed focus on understanding the nutritional value of food and its effect on metabolism, overall activation of metabolic NRs network. Moreover, given the prominent role of microbiota in the modulation of the FXR signalling (Degirolamo et al., 2014), there is enough impetus t

• br Acknowledgement The authors would like to thank the

  2022-09-20

  

  Acknowledgement The authors would like to thank the University of Johannesburg and the National Research Foundation for the financial support. Mr. D Harris and Dr. R Meyer from Shimadzu South Africa are thanked for their technical support. Prof Ian Dubery is thanked for access to the LC-MS instru

• It has been demonstrated that RA

  2022-09-20

  

  It has been demonstrated that RA regulates gene LCL161 through an epigenetic mechanism during stem cell and cancer cell differentiation. In neuroblastoma cells, RA induced neural maturation through RET gene transcriptional activation by increasing H3K4me3 levels at the promoter region and demethylat

• br Histamine H R The cloning of

  2022-09-20

  

  Histamine H4R The cloning of the H3R (Lovenberg et al., 1999) provided a template for the search of other plk1 inhibitor receptors, and resulted in the most recent discovery of histamine H4R. This concluded with six independent groups that have reported the cloning of the H4R (Leurs et al., 2009

• br Acknowledgements This work was supported by NIH HL JHF

  2022-09-20

  

  Acknowledgements This work was supported by NIH HL111674 (JHF), and the Antoinette E. (“Mimi”) & Herman Boehm Foundation (JK). The authors wish to acknowledge the valuable assistance of the Functional Genomics Core of the University of Colorado, Denver. Introduction The 21-gene recurrence sco

• HBV is an enveloped double stranded DNA

  2022-09-20

  

  HBV is an enveloped, double-stranded DNA virus, which is transcripted into four major transcripts [6]. Among them, the 3.5 kb pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) directs the translation of HBV polymerase, core protein and acts as template for reverse transcription. So viral transcription is a key step of virus l

• The molecular mechanisms underlying spindle orientation are

  2022-09-20

  

  The molecular mechanisms underlying spindle orientation are still largely unknown. Budding yeast has been used to study spindle positioning and asymmetric cell division. Indeed, after cytokinesis, daughter cells have different sizes. The cell division plane is established early in the cell cycle and

• The use of antiinflammatory agents has been suggested as

  2022-09-20

  

  The use of antiinflammatory agents has been suggested as a potential treatment in HF. One strategy targeted tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in HF,, but the negative results of the clinical trials have been discouraging., Other clinical trials have attempted to suppress proinflammatory cytokine product

• Several studies have proposed that high levels of KYNA

  2022-09-20

  

  Several studies have proposed that high levels of KYNA in the APETx2 contribute to cognitive dysfunctions presented by patients who suffer from schizophrenia [30], [31], [32], [33]. Considering that: (i) KYNA is a known GPR35 agonist [2], (ii) cognitive impairments in patients with schizophrenia an

• br The mode of binding of ligands to GPR As

  2022-09-20

  

  The mode of binding of ligands to GPR35 As noted above, although kynurenic Lopinavir is an agonist at GPR35, this is true for neither kynurenine [8] nor kynurenic acid ethyl ester [13]. This implicates a key role for the carboxylate group in binding and/or activation of GPR35. Importantly, in st

• br Conflict of Interest Both GM

  2022-09-20

  

  Conflict of Interest Both GM and BDH are shareholders in Caldan Therapeutics, a company exploring potential novel treatments for type 2 diabetes. Acknowledgments Work described herein was supported by Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [grant BB/K019864/1)] (to GM) and [gr

• br TGR agonists current developments and future landscape Th

  2022-09-20

  

  TGR5 agonists: current developments and future landscape The amphipathic nature of bile acids is crucial in aiding the digestion and AZD2932 synthesis of vitamins and fats. With the emerging roles of bile acids in the regulation of energy and glucose homeostasis through TGR5, the pharmaceutical

• br Experimental procedures br Results

  2022-09-19

  

  Experimental procedures Results Discussion Although the presence and localization of the GlyR subunits have been determined in the adult retina, the proportion of each GlyR subunit has not been assessed in the adult or in the developing retina. In the present study, we carried out the absol

• In conclusion we provided the first evidence of a

  2022-09-17

  

  In conclusion, we provided the first evidence of a modification and regulation of GCK by O-GlcNAc modification that until now was not explored. This discovery provides important clues in the prevention of hyperglycemia and development of novel therapeutic drugs to treat type 2 diabetes. Acknowled

• In patients with type diabetes

  2022-09-17

  

  In patients with type 2 diabetes glucagon receptor antagonism led lowered fasting glucose however not postprandial glucose levels [9], which may reflect that glucagon may not be of particular importance for the diabetic hyperglycemia upon a meal. Current glucagon receptor antagonists have however be

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