• br Acknowledgement This work was funded by NIH

  2024-11-14

  

  Acknowledgement This work was funded by NIH/NINDS grant number NS080967 to C. Waites. Introduction Macro-autophagy also called autophagy is a conserved pathway for the lysosomal degradation and recycling of intracellular materials. It is instrumental for the homeostasis of cells and tissues a

• Here we investigate the ATM

  2024-11-14

  

  Here, we investigate the ATM to ATR switch in normal human fibroblasts (82-6 cells) after irradiation with γ-rays, or high LET 56Fe and 28Si and moderate LET 16O particles. Our data provide important evidence of LET dependence on the transition of ATM to ATR as well as end resection at the sites of

• br Extracellular domain architecture The extracellular regio

  2024-11-14

  

  Extracellular domain architecture The extracellular region of GABAB receptor exists in a heterodimeric configuration regardless of interactions within the rest of the protein (Geng et al., 2012, Liu et al., 2004, Nomura et al., 2008). The extracellular domains of the GABAB1 and GABAB2 subunits ar

• According to the diversity in molecular

  2024-11-14

  

  According to the gpr40 agonist in molecular skeletons, aromatase inhibitors can be categorized into two types: steroidal and non-steroidal blockers [6]. Steroidal AI (e.g., exemestane in Fig. 1) derived from the substrate androstenedione interacts with aromatase through chemical actions, resulting

• br Activity and expression of aromatase in the

  2024-11-14

  

  Activity and expression of aromatase in the hippocampus The brain, like the adrenals, gonads and the placenta, is a steroidogenic organ. This paradigm emerged from studies carried out as early as the 1980s by Baulieu and co-workers; these studies showed that steroids such as pregnenolone and dehy

• br Materials and methods br

  2024-11-14

  

  Materials and methods Results RT-PCR showed that both arginase 1 and 2 were expressed in the OB of Korean roe deer (Fig. 1). Immunoblotting detected arginase 1 in the OB of roe deer (Fig. 2A, left lane) at a molecular weight of approximately 37kDa, which is the size of the enzyme in the rat O

• br Diabetic retinopathy Diabetic retinopathy

  2024-11-14

  

  Diabetic retinopathy Diabetic retinopathy is a severe sight-threatening complication associated with diabetes mellitus. It is one of the most common causes of preventable blindness in the world. The risk of developing microvascular diabetic complications increases in diabetic patients with an inc

• Evidence from basic science studies suggests

  2024-11-14

  

  Evidence from basic science studies suggests that Cd may play a role in prostate cancer through disruption of the androgen receptor (AR). AR, a hormone-activated transcription factor, is the key driver of prostate cancer progression [6]. Ironically, the AR is also required for normal prostate growth

• The role of the adaptive immune response in AD

  2024-11-13

  

  The role of the adaptive immune response in AD is not fully understood and previous studies are controversial. In this context, serum levels of T and B lymphocytes were found to be reduced in AD patients, suggesting a decline of the immune response during the course of the disease (Richartz-Salzburg

• br Current therapies for metabolic diseases

  2024-11-13

  

  Current therapies for metabolic diseases Inborn errors of metabolism caused by deficiency of particular enzymes due to loss of function mutations or deletions have been treated by decreasing the intake of the enzymatic substrate, supplementation with an essential cofactor or vitamin, increasing m

• To confirm a role of OCT in

  2024-11-13

  

  To confirm a role of OCT3 in corticosterone-induced potentiation of cocaine-primed reinstatement, we examined the interaction of corticosterone and cocaine in the reinstatement of cocaine conditioned place preference (CPP) in wild type mice, and transgenic OCT3-deficient mice. These mice express a t

• Medium spiny neurons MSNs in the striatum

  2024-11-13

  

  Medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in the striatum start from a deeply hyperpolarized resting membrane potential, slowly depolarize and show a delayed start of firing during a current injection (Kawaguchi, 1993, Nisenbaum and Wilson, 1995, Planert et al., 2013). The firing pattern during the current inject

• Toxicity is the main reason for the failure

  2024-11-13

  

  Toxicity is the main reason for the failure at all stages of the new drug development process. The major part of safety-related attrition occurs at preclinical phases while predicting preclinical safety liabilities earlier in the drug development process. This strategy enables the design and/or sele

• br LOX in pancreatic cancer LOX is

  2024-11-13

  

  5-LOX in pancreatic cancer 5-LOX is a key player in pancreatic cancer (PC) progression. The upregulation of 5-LOX mRNA has been observed in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and also in neoplastic pancreatic tissues (Kennedy et al., 2003). Higher levels of 5-LOX transcripts (messengers) are presen

• Given the profound expression of HT A and HT A

  2024-11-13

  

  Given the profound A 83-01 of 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A in the hippocampal CA1 region, and their potential to complex with mGluRs, the objective of this study was to examine if sleep deprivation alters the expression of 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors and determine whether potential changes are reversible post

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